What is an Umbilical Hernia in Children?
An umbilical hernia is a lump of the belly button (umbilicus), caused by a small opening in the abdominal wall where the umbilical cord passed through. This opening allows fat or intestines to bulge out, forming a noticeable lump. Umbilical hernias are quite common in infants and often resolve without treatment during the first year of life.
Why Does an Umbilical Hernia Occur?
An umbilical hernia occurs because muscles that surrounded the umbilical cord which should come together after birth are delayed in fully closing. This leaves a small opening in the abdominal wall that allows internal tissue, such as intestines or fat, to protrude. The exact cause of this delay in muscle closure is unknown.
During the first few months of life, the size of the hernia may increase, particularly when the baby strains, cries, or has colic, but it is still likely to resolve naturally as the abdominal muscles strengthen over time.
Does an Umbilical Hernia Need Surgical Repair?
In most cases, umbilical hernias do not require surgery. Over 90% of umbilical hernias close on their own within 5 years. Even in older children the defect in the abdominal muscles often continues to close with age.
If the hernia persists beyond the age of 3-5 years, or if it is causes pain or irritation, surgery may be considered to repair the opening. Repair is often considered before a child starts school.
Is an Umbilical Hernia Dangerous?
Umbilical hernias are rarely dangerous. The bulge in the skin is generally harmless and poses no immediate threat to your child’s health. The risk of the intestines or other abdominal contents becoming trapped in the hernia (a condition known as incarceration) is very low.
However, if the hernia becomes firm, tender, red, and your child is vomiting, this could indicate that the hernia is stuck. In this case, it is important to take your child to the nearest emergency department for medical assessment.
When to Seek Medical Attention for an Umbilical Hernia
While most umbilical hernias resolve naturally, it’s important to monitor your child for signs that may require medical attention. Seek emergency care if:
- The hernia becomes firm or painful.
- The skin over the hernia turns red or inflamed.
- Your child experiences vomiting or refuses to feed.
- The bulge does not go down when your child is relaxed.
In these rare cases, a hernia may be stuck (incarcerated) and need emergency treatment.
Monitoring and Care for Umbilical Hernias in Children
Umbilical hernias are a common condition in babies and generally resolve without intervention. In the vast majority of cases, no surgery is required. Parents should keep an eye on the hernia, but there’s usually no need for concern. If you notice any worrying symptoms, consult your doctor for further advice.
Learn More About Umbilical Hernia Repair Surgery
Visit our page on Umbilical Hernia Repair Surgery for more detailed information.
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